{"id":56939,"date":"2025-11-25T13:16:21","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T07:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=56939"},"modified":"2026-05-08T09:08:33","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T09:08:33","slug":"avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/","title":{"rendered":"How to avoid Intellectual Property conflicts during the submission process"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A surprising proportion of submitted manuscripts trigger intellectual property (IP) concerns during journal screening: a case-study analysis of 400 consecutive submissions found unacceptable levels of plagiarized material in 17% of papers. At the same time, publishers and screening services are scanning millions of manuscripts annually. iThenticate now checks millions of documents each year as part of editorial workflows making early prevention essential.<\/p>\n<p>For researchers, IP conflicts (including plagiarism, undisclosed prior publication, improper use of third\u2011party material, and authorship disputes) can delay <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/publication-support-services\/peer-review-process\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"26\" title=\"Peer Review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peer review<\/a>, lead to rejection, or result in retraction and reputational damage. This article explains what those conflicts are, when they typically arise, why they matter, and most important how you can avoid them at the submission stage. You will find a practical pre\u2011submission checklist, permission and licensing guidance, recommended tools and institutional actions, plus actionable tips for common mistakes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#What_intellectual_property_conflicts_mean\" >What intellectual property conflicts mean<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Why_these_conflicts_occur\" >Why these conflicts occur<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#How_is_IP_during_submission_different_from_general_IP_concerns\" >How is IP during submission different from general IP concerns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Practical_steps_to_avoid_IP_conflicts\" >Practical steps to avoid IP conflicts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Submit_with_complete_integrity_%E2%80%94_every_time\" >Submit with complete integrity \u2014 every time.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Permissions_licensing_and_copyright_transfer_what_to_know\" >Permissions, licensing, and copyright transfer: what to know<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Tools_institutional_resources_and_good_practices\" >Tools, institutional resources, and good practices<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Common_mistakes_and_how_to_fix_them\" >Common mistakes and how to fix them<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/#Final_practical_checklist\" >Final practical checklist<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_intellectual_property_conflicts_mean\"><\/span>What intellectual property conflicts mean<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Intellectual property (IP) is the set of legal rights that protect creations of the mind for academic authors this mainly includes <em>copyright<\/em> in written text, figures, and datasets, and (in some contexts) patents and trade secrets.<\/li>\n<li>Common IP conflicts in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/submission-preparation.htm\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"34\" title=\"manuscript submission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manuscript submission<\/a> include:\n<ul>\n<li><em>Plagiarism<\/em> and <em>text recycling<\/em> (self\u2011plagiarism).<\/li>\n<li>Use of <em>third\u2011party copyrighted material<\/em> (figures, tables, long text excerpts) without permission.<\/li>\n<li><em>Undisclosed prior publication or dual submission<\/em>, including unclear preprint handling.<\/li>\n<li><em>Authorship disputes<\/em> and disagreements over contributorship or ownership of data.<\/li>\n<li><em>Undeclared competing interests<\/em> that bear on IP or commercialization claims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_these_conflicts_occur\"><\/span>Why these conflicts occur<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>When multiple collaborators contribute without clear documentation, authorship and ownership become ambiguous. Journals increasingly ask for explicit contribution statements to reduce disputes.<\/li>\n<li>When language is reused across versions (conference paper \u2192 preprint \u2192 journal article) without citation or disclosure, editors may treat text recycling as unethical duplication. Preprint policies vary by publisher; some accept preprints but expect transparency about licensing and versioning.<\/li>\n<li>When authors include images, tables, or reproduced material without securing permissions, the publisher or a rights holder can raise a claim that halts publication or triggers legal action.<\/li>\n<li>Plagiarism often results from poor note\u2011taking, translation issues, or misunderstanding of citation norms; detection rates in submissions are nontrivial. Proactive screening and revision reduce risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_IP_during_submission_different_from_general_IP_concerns\"><\/span>How is IP during submission different from general IP concerns<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Submission IP checks are narrowly focused on originality, attribution, licensing of included material, and prior dissemination; they are not full legal IP audits. The aim is to ensure ethical publication and avoid infringement prior to formal acceptance. Publishers use policies and screening tools to identify problems early, not to adjudicate complex ownership disputes (which may be referred to institutions).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_steps_to_avoid_IP_conflicts\"><\/span>Practical steps to avoid IP conflicts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<!-- INLINE SERVICE CARD: Plagiarism Checker -->\r\n    <div class=\"svc\">\r\n    <div class=\"svc-body\">\r\n      <div class=\"svc-cat\">Research Integrity \r\n        <!-- <span class=\"svc-free\">Free<\/span> -->\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"svc-row\">\r\n        <div class=\"svc-ic\">\r\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 200 200\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n            <g clip-path=\"url(#cp-plag-inline)\">\r\n              <path d=\"M140.26 34.7119H35.7568V39.9202H140.26V34.7119Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n              <path d=\"M82.7998 56.3525H35.7568V61.5609H82.7998V56.3525Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n              <path d=\"M66.8388 77.9932H35.7568V83.2015H66.8388V77.9932Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n              <path d=\"M163.778 180.88V195.262H155.411H20.5653H12.1983V4.7379H20.5653H155.411H163.778V128.595H168.011V0H155.411H20.5653H7.99805V200H20.5653H155.411H168.011V180.88H163.778Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n              <path d=\"M142.756 99.0334C138.521 95.029 134.41 90.706 129.718 87.4296C120.459 80.9679 110.327 78.1465 99.4068 81.2864C88.3203 84.4718 79.5175 91.5706 72.002 100.854V102.446H75.8635C77.3999 104.267 79.2684 106.724 81.4276 108.908C87.5729 115.142 94.9639 118.692 103.227 119.966C103.601 120.011 111.49 120.011 111.947 119.966C118.133 119.42 124.03 117.509 129.054 113.595C133.372 110.228 137.234 106.132 141.428 102.264H144.002C143.587 101.172 143.462 99.716 142.715 99.0334H142.756ZM107.711 115.643C95.9189 115.643 86.6179 109.818 79.7667 99.3065C96.6248 80.1033 117.677 78.9201 136.32 99.2155C129.386 110.137 119.711 115.643 107.711 115.688V115.643Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n              <path d=\"M107.601 92.0023C103.648 92.0472 100.184 95.5428 100.007 99.7106C99.8289 104.237 103.293 107.912 107.867 108.002C112.175 108.046 115.817 104.685 115.994 100.383C116.172 95.8565 112.219 91.9575 107.556 92.0023H107.601ZM107.956 105.671C104.714 105.626 102.227 103.027 102.36 99.8003C102.494 96.8424 104.936 94.3776 107.734 94.3327C111.02 94.3327 113.818 97.0665 113.729 100.293C113.596 103.341 111.02 105.761 107.956 105.671Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n              <path d=\"M185.519 165.491L148.322 128.293C154.504 120.06 158.201 109.845 158.201 98.7903C158.201 71.5725 136.057 49.4287 108.839 49.4287C81.6214 49.4287 59.4775 71.5725 59.4775 98.7903C59.4775 126.008 81.6214 148.152 108.839 148.152C119.894 148.152 130.076 144.456 138.342 138.273L175.539 175.47L185.519 165.491ZM64.2154 98.7903C64.2154 74.1599 84.2423 54.133 108.873 54.133C133.503 54.133 153.53 74.1599 153.53 98.7903C153.53 123.421 133.503 143.448 108.873 143.448C84.2423 143.448 64.2154 123.421 64.2154 98.7903ZM143.08 134.274C143.517 133.871 143.92 133.468 144.323 133.031C144.659 132.661 145.029 132.359 145.365 131.989L178.866 165.491L175.539 168.817L142.038 135.316C142.408 134.98 142.71 134.61 143.08 134.274Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path>\r\n            <\/g>\r\n            <defs><clipPath id=\"cp-plag-inline\"><rect width=\"177.52\" height=\"200\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(7.99805)\"><\/rect><\/clipPath><\/defs>\r\n          <\/svg>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Submit_with_complete_integrity_%E2%80%94_every_time\"><\/span>Submit with complete integrity \u2014 every time.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"svc-desc\">Powered by iThenticate and checked against 47 billion web pages, 190 million paywalled articles, and 200+ million open access works \u2014 the most comprehensive check available before submission.<\/p>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/plagiarism-checker\/\" class=\"svc-btn\" target=\"_blank\">Get Plagiarism Report \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n    \n<ol>\n<li>Clarify authorship and contributions\n<ul>\n<li>At project start, agree on roles and update contributors as work changes. Use a contributor taxonomy (e.g., CRediT) and keep a written record. This prevents later disputes and aligns with journal requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Run an originality check before submission\n<ul>\n<li>Use the same class of tools publishers use (e.g. iThenticate\/Turnitin) to detect problematic overlaps and to distinguish legitimate overlaps (methods, standard phrases) from plagiarism. Enago\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/publication-support-services\/plagiarism-check\">plagiarism check<\/a> uses iThenticate and provides expert, annotated reports to help you act on flagged sections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Declare prior dissemination and preprints\n<ul>\n<li>If the manuscript or substantial parts were posted to a preprint server, state this in the cover letter and manuscript, and follow the target journal\u2019s preprint\/licensing rules (some journals accept preprints but may restrict licensing choices). Keep preprint versions updated to link to the accepted article once published.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Secure permissions for third\u2011party material\n<ul>\n<li>For figures, long tables, or large text extracts: identify the rights holder early, request written permission (retain records), and include a permissions statement in the submission. If content is under a Creative Commons license, check the exact CC terms before reuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Avoid self\u2011plagiarism\n<ul>\n<li>If reusing previous material (e.g., methods text), cite the original work and paraphrase; where verbatim reuse is unavoidable, obtain permission or declare it explicitly. Many journals allow limited methods overlap with attribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Disclose conflicts of interest and funding\n<ul>\n<li>Full disclosure of financial and intellectual interests protects you and the journal. If an author has a patent application or commercial relationship related to the topic, disclose it in the cover letter and article.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Permissions_licensing_and_copyright_transfer_what_to_know\"><\/span>Permissions, licensing, and copyright transfer: what to know<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Copyright transfer agreements (CTAs) and exclusive license agreements differ: a CTA typically assigns copyright to the publisher; an exclusive license lets authors retain copyright while granting publishing rights. Read the agreement carefully and consider whether it limits your ability to reuse your own material (e.g., in a thesis).<\/li>\n<li>For preprints: avoid assigning copyright before formal publication; many publishers advise authors to retain copyright when posting preprints and to prefer no\u2011reuse licenses on preprint servers unless necessary. Check the journal\u2019s policy before choosing a CC license for preprints.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tools_institutional_resources_and_good_practices\"><\/span>Tools, institutional resources, and good practices<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Use a version control system for manuscripts (track changes, dated drafts) and maintain a source log that records where images\/data originated and any permission correspondence.<\/li>\n<li>Use ORCID IDs for all authors to reduce identity confusion and link contributions. Encourage co\u2011authors to review all submission materials and the cover letter prior to submission.<\/li>\n<li>If flagged by a similarity check, review matches carefully. Context matters: methods or common phrases may be harmless, whereas unattributed ideas or copied text are not. If in doubt, revise and cite or quote properly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_mistakes_and_how_to_fix_them\"><\/span>Common mistakes and how to fix them<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Mistake: Assuming short copied passages are \u201ctoo small\u201d to matter.<br \/>\nFix: Even short unattributed phrases can be flagged; always quote or paraphrase with citation.<\/li>\n<li>Mistake: Uploading a preprint without checking journal policy.<br \/>\nFix: Declare the preprint at submission and verify license compatibility.<\/li>\n<li>Mistake: Last\u2011minute author list changes without documented consent.<br \/>\nFix: Use an authorship change form and obtain written agreement from all authors before submission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_practical_checklist\"><\/span>Final practical checklist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Confirm authorship and obtain written consent from all authors.<\/li>\n<li>Run an originality check and address flagged items.<\/li>\n<li>List and attach permissions for any third\u2011party material.<\/li>\n<li>Declare preprints and related submissions in the cover letter.<\/li>\n<li>Disclose conflicts of interest, funding, and patent\/commercial links.<\/li>\n<li>Read the target journal\u2019s CTA\/licensing terms before acceptance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By implementing these steps, you reduce the risk of IP conflicts slowing or derailing your manuscript. Aim for transparency, documentation, and early use of the same screening tools publishers use. Enago\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/publication-support-services\/premium-package\">publication support packages<\/a> combine subject\u2011expert <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/manuscript-editing-services\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"9\" title=\"Manuscript Editing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manuscript editing<\/a> with iThenticate\u2011powered plagiarism checks and annotated reports, plus guidance on permissions and submission letters. These services can help identify and resolve IP risks before you submit, so you can focus on the science rather than administrative work.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A surprising proportion of submitted manuscripts trigger intellectual property (IP) concerns during journal screening: a case-study analysis of 400 consecutive submissions found unacceptable levels of plagiarized material in 17% of papers. At the same time, publishers and screening services are scanning millions of manuscripts annually. iThenticate now checks millions of documents each year as part [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-submission-requirements"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to avoid Intellectual Property conflicts during the submission process<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to avoid intellectual property conflicts in manuscript submission and practical steps to prevent plagiarism, secure permissions, handle preprints, and pass journal screening before you submit.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to avoid Intellectual Property conflicts during the submission process\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to avoid intellectual property conflicts in manuscript submission and practical steps to prevent plagiarism, secure permissions, handle preprints, and pass journal screening before you submit.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/articles\/avoid-ip-conflicts-journal-submission\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Enago Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-25T07:16:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta 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