{"id":6233,"date":"2017-01-21T16:00:10","date_gmt":"2017-01-21T10:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=6233"},"modified":"2019-07-19T19:48:19","modified_gmt":"2019-07-19T13:48:19","slug":"anthropomorphism-in-academic-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/anthropomorphism-in-academic-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"Anthropomorphism in Academic Writing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Do \u201cbacteria actually prefer XYZ as a growth medium\u201d? Do \u201ccows in the United States prefer to \u2018socialize\u2019 when they eat\u201d? Or do \u201cyeast strains found in rich soil regularly attack each other\u201d? If you, as an academic writer, have said \u201cyes\u201d to any or all of these questions when writing your manuscript, you are guilty of \u201canthropomorphism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>We tend to ascribe human feelings and behaviors to anything we are discussing, including the research papers we are writing. This is called\u00a0<em>Anthropomorphism<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0<em>Personification<\/em>. While anthropomorphism makes for a compelling storytelling, especially in mythology and religion, it has very little place in academic manuscripts.<\/p>\n<p>According to the APA guidelines, \u201c\u2026writing with anthropomorphism means that the writer attributes an action to objects that cannot take that action\u2026\u201d Objects typically cannot take human-like action and it is important that the action (verb) which the object does or takes is appropriate for that object.<\/p>\n<p>Also, according to the Merriam-Webster\u2019s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition, anthropomorphism is \u201can interpretation of what is not human or personal in terms of human or personal characteristics.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>One of the main aims of academic writing is \u201cclear communication.\u201d That is why continuity, smoothness, economy of expression, an appropriately formal tone, and precision and clarity are so important.<\/p>\n<p>Writing with clarity is especially important when it comes to an international audience or an audience whose first language may not be English. These audiences are best served by presenting text in a straightforward manner. Here are some tips to ensure that your writing is clear and coherent\u00a0when it comes to anthropomorphism:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Make it clear who is doing what action<\/li>\n<li>Ensure that only humans get human-like characteristics and actions<\/li>\n<li>Be direct in your language and sentence structure<\/li>\n<li>Ensure that descriptions are always directly next to what it is that they are describing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"om-dqx4acd1ednpm2dtmovz-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.opmnstr.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"dqx4acd1ednpm2dtmovz\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><br \/>\nWe shall now discuss some common academic examples of anthropomorphism.<\/p>\n<p><u>Example 1<\/u><\/p>\n<p><em>Incorrect<\/em>: Modern factories argue that advanced technologies should be adopted for the cultivation of vegetables and crops.<\/p>\n<p><em>Issue<\/em>: Considering the context from which this sentence was extracted,\u00a0factories cannot argue. Only people or groups of people (workers and\/or management in factories) can.<\/p>\n<p><em>Correct:\u00a0<\/em>Personnel in modern factories argue that advanced technologies should be adopted\u2026<\/p>\n<p><u>Example 2<\/u><\/p>\n<p><em>Incorrect<\/em>: The battery spoke about quantitative MRI biomarkers related to itself in several scenarios.<\/p>\n<p><em>Issue<\/em>: A battery cannot speak. Active verbs such as \u201cspeak\u201d need to be taken by a person or group of people.<\/p>\n<p><em>Correct<\/em>: We spoke about quantitative MRI biomarkers as related to the battery in several scenarios.<\/p>\n<p><u>Example 3<\/u><\/p>\n<p><em>Incorrect<\/em>:\u00a0Surgical site infections often talk about the contamination of saline solutions.<\/p>\n<p><em>Issue<\/em>: Surgical site infections cannot \u201ctalk\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n<p><em>Correct:\u00a0<\/em>Surgical site infections often result in the contamination of saline solutions.<\/p>\n<p><u>Example 4<\/u><\/p>\n<p><em>Incorrect<\/em>: The frequency response analyzes the mistuned runner in a steam turbine.<\/p>\n<p><em>Issue<\/em>: The frequency response cannot analyze.<\/p>\n<p><em>Correct<\/em>: The frequency response is used to analyze the mistuned runner in a steam turbine.<\/p>\n<p>Do keep in mind that reducing anthropomorphic writing has to do with what makes sense. If it makes sense for that object to take that action, then it is acceptable.<\/p>\n<p>Quite often, organizations, as groups of people, can take actions that are appropriate for human actors. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The school board voted to require school uniforms.<\/li>\n<li>The Society of Professional Journalists issued new ethics guidelines.<\/li>\n<li>The hospital implemented new procedures regarding RN staffing requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, theories, models, tables, data, results, and so on, can also take some actions that make sense for these nouns, as the diagram indicates.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6235 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Anthropomorphism.png\" alt=\"anthropomorphism\" width=\"847\" height=\"318\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Anthropomorphism.png 847w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Anthropomorphism-470x176.png 470w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Anthropomorphism-768x288.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Anthropomorphism-150x56.png 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 847px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 847\/318;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So, the next time you are writing a manuscript, do keep in mind that anthropomorphism might creep in without you being aware of it. Remember, you can attribute only those actions to objects that are feasible. It is always people who act, not objects. Here\u2019s to the effective reduction of anthropomorphism during academic writing!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reference:<\/p>\n<p>Walden University Writing Center. <em>Other APA Guidelines: Anthropomorphism. <\/em>Retrieved from <u><a href=\"http:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/writingcenter\/apa\/other\/anthropomorphism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/writingcenter\/apa\/other\/anthropomorphism<\/a> <\/u><\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6233?action=genpdf&amp;id=6233\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do \u201cbacteria actually prefer XYZ as a growth medium\u201d? Do \u201ccows in the United States&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2],"tags":[1426],"ppma_author":[1894],"class_list":["post-6233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-language-grammar","category-academic-writing","tag-good-word-choice"],"better_featured_image":null,"acf":{"faq_main_heading":"","faq_heading_one":"","faq_heading_two":"","faq_heading_three":"","faq_heading_four":"","faq_heading_five":"","faq_heading_six":"","faq_description_one":"","faq_description_two":"","faq_description_three":"","faq_description_four":"","faq_description_five":"","faq_description_six":""},"views":4226,"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1894,"user_id":6,"is_guest":0,"slug":"daveishan","display_name":"Enago Academy","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-favicon-192x192-1.png","url2x":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-favicon-192x192-1.png"},"author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":"Enago Academy, the knowledge arm of Enago, offers comprehensive and up-to-date resources on academic research and scholarly publishing to all levels of scholarly professionals: students, researchers, editors, publishers, and academic societies. It is also a popular platform for networking, allowing researchers to learn, share, and discuss their experiences within their network and community. The team, which comprises subject matter experts, academicians, trainers, and technical project managers, are passionate about helping researchers at all levels establish a successful career, both within and outside academia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6233"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6233\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6233"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}