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This manipulation has been linked to mass retractions involving dozens or hundreds of papers, particularly in special issues.","faq_description_two":"The journal may issue an expression of concern during investigation, then retract the paper if evidence shows unreliable findings or compromised review. Authors face reputational damage, potential career consequences, and institutions may revoke degrees or terminate employment for serious misconduct.","faq_description_three":"No, peer review is designed to evaluate plausibility, methodology, and interpretation not to detect deliberate fabrication of raw data or covert manipulation. Detection usually requires replication attempts, whistleblowing, post-publication scrutiny, or formal investigations rather than standard peer review.","faq_description_four":"Detection occurs through editorial audits, cross-publisher screening tools, whistleblowers, post-publication peer review platforms like PubPeer, and independent researcher investigation. Publishers then follow COPE guidelines to issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions and notify indexing services.","faq_description_five":"Paper mills are organized entities producing manuscripts or data that mimic legitimate research. They bypass peer review by exploiting cursory editorial checks, manipulating reviewer selection, and creating convincing but fraudulent content that passes initial screening if reviewer scrutiny is insufficient.","faq_description_six":"Use transparent reporting with data and code sharing, avoid third-party submission services of uncertain provenance, document any outsourced assistance, suggest only independent reviewers without conflicts, and maintain institutional email verification for all communications with journals."},"views":165,"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1895,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"editor","display_name":"Enago Academy","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ef4bc47f3ceaa56f5eb3b26f9520fad298ba36ede4f86315997ffb45db37a1f?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"Academy","first_name":"Editor","job_title":"","description":"Enago Academy, the knowledge arm of Enago, offers comprehensive and up-to-date resources on academic research and scholarly publishing to all levels of scholarly professionals: students, researchers, editors, publishers, and academic societies. It is also a popular platform for networking, allowing researchers to learn, share, and discuss their experiences within their network and community. The team, which comprises subject matter experts, academicians, trainers, and technical project managers, are passionate about helping researchers at all levels establish a successful career, both within and outside academia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57012"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57018,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57012\/revisions\/57018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57012"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=57012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}