{"id":49112,"date":"2024-10-31T18:22:06","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T12:22:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=49112"},"modified":"2024-10-31T18:22:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T12:22:06","slug":"vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/","title":{"rendered":"From Vision to Reality: Tracing the journey of open access initiatives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Open Access (OA) movement has redefined the way scholarly knowledge is shared and accessed globally. What began as a response to the monopolistic practices of subscription-based publishing has evolved into a global initiative that drives the future of sustainable knowledge sharing. This article traces the origins of the major OA initiatives and examines key challenges and controversies surrounding their implementation. It also highlights the impact of key statements that influenced policy changes and advanced the global OA movement.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Open_Access_Initiatives\" >Open Access Initiatives<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative_BOAI_2002\" >Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) (2002)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Right_to_Research_Coalition_R2RC_2009\" >Right to Research Coalition (R2RC) (2009)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Sponsoring_Consortium_for_Open_Access_Publishing_in_Particle_Physics_3_SCOAP3-_2014\" >Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics 3 (SCOAP3- 2014)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Plan_S_2018\" >Plan S (2018)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Open_Access_Statements\" >Open Access Statements<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Bethesda_Statement_2003\" >Bethesda Statement (2003)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Berlin_Declaration_on_Open_Access_to_Knowledge_in_the_Sciences_and_Humanities_2003\" >Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation_and_Development_OECDs_Declaration_on_Access_to_Research_Data_from_Public_Funding_2004\" >Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)\u2019s Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding (2004)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions_IFLA_Statement_on_Open_Access_to_Scholarly_Literature_and_Research_Documentation_2004\" >International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation (2004)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/vision-to-reality-journey-of-open-access-initiatives\/#Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy_OSTP_Guidelines_2022\" >Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Guidelines (2022)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Open_Access_Initiatives\"><\/span>Open Access Initiatives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative_BOAI_2002\"><\/span>Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) (2002)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Launched by: <\/strong>Open Society Institute<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mission:<\/strong> To achieve OA in scholarly publications across different fields by adopting two complementary strategies of self-archiving and launch of OA journals. BOAI also provided one of the first definitions of OA<\/p>\n<p><strong>Current Status: <\/strong>Being foundational to the global OA movement, BOAI is still guiding various\u00a0 initiatives in the current day<\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges:<\/strong> Was perceived with skepticism and ridicule in the initial days as it challenged the traditional subscription-based publication system<\/p>\n<p><strong>Controversies:<\/strong> The APC model has faced criticism for perpetuating inequalities, as researchers from \u00a0low-income countries often struggle to afford publication fees.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Right_to_Research_Coalition_R2RC_2009\"><\/span>Right to Research Coalition (R2RC) (2009)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Launched by:<\/strong> The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Mission: <\/strong>To ensure that all students have ready access to research outputs irrespective of the institute they are associated with<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Current Status: <\/strong>R2RC has become one of the largest student led organizations and is currently representing around 7 million students worldwide. It has also been successful in driving institutional OA policies on campuses in North America, Europe, Africa and Nepal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Challenges:<\/strong> Ensuring sustained student engagement and expanding this initiative across different regions<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Controversies:<\/strong> Critics argue that while student advocacy is powerful, the coalition needs stronger institutional backing to effect large-scale change.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sponsoring_Consortium_for_Open_Access_Publishing_in_Particle_Physics_3_SCOAP3-_2014\"><\/span>Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics 3 (SCOAP3- 2014)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Launched by: <\/strong>European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Mission: <\/strong>To increase the accessibility to research outputs in the field of high-energy physics and support researchers by eliminating the burden of article processing charges<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Current Status: <\/strong>Currently in partnership with 3000 libraries, key funding agencies and research centers in 44 countries and 3 intergovernmental organizations. It has facilitated the transition of various subscription-based journals to embrace the OA model<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Challenges:<\/strong> Balancing financial growth and the principles of Open Science by driving sustained and scalable transitions across regions<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Controversies:<\/strong> In its early days, SCOAP3 model faced minor setbacks when some libraries and a leading journal withdrew from the partnership. Publishers also argue that the SCOAP3 model could destabilize revenue streams, particularly for smaller journals that rely heavily on subscription income<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plan_S_2018\"><\/span>Plan S (2018)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Launched by:<\/strong> cOAlition S<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Mission:<\/strong> To ensure that publications supported by public grants should be freely available online in lines with the OA policies<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Current Status: <\/strong>An independent <a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/13738479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">report<\/a> published by cOAlition S highlights the role played by Plan S in steering the institutes\u2019 right retention policies and its contribution to establishing the diamond OA model in scholarly publishing<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Challenges:<\/strong> Overcoming publishers\u2019 tactics to undermine right retention policies and addressing concerns that this restricts the academic freedom to publish their work in the journal of their choice<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Controversies:<\/strong> Plan S model has been widely criticized for its support for large, well-established journals. The model is believed to leave out small publishers and limit the journal options for researchers. Moreover, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/publishingperspectives.com\/2023\/06\/plan-s-2022-report-clearly-disappointing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">2022 report<\/a>, two-thirds of the partnering journals failed to meet the OA policy targets.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Open_Access_Statements\"><\/span>Open Access Statements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bethesda_Statement_2003\"><\/span>Bethesda Statement (2003)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>This statement was released in 2003. It defined OA publications and outlined two conditions that mandates OA \u00ad\u2014 firstly, authors or copy-right holders should provide access and free distribution rights for their outputs and secondly, a complete version of their work should be made freely available in electronic format.<\/li>\n<li>Bethesda Statement played a major role in influencing various OA movements and policies by providing a clear framework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Berlin_Declaration_on_Open_Access_to_Knowledge_in_the_Sciences_and_Humanities_2003\"><\/span>Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>This <a href=\"https:\/\/openaccess.mpg.de\/Berlin-Declaration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">declaration<\/a> was drafted at a conference hosted by the Max Planck Society in collaboration with the European Cultural Heritage Online project. The statement outlined the definition of OA contributions and laid out the foundations for transitioning to the electronic OA paradigm.<\/li>\n<li>Berlin declaration was pivotal to progress of the OA movement as more than 120 organizations attended this conference and the statement was extensively promoted post its release.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation_and_Development_OECDs_Declaration_on_Access_to_Research_Data_from_Public_Funding_2004\"><\/span>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)\u2019s Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding (2004)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Launched in 2004, this <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/public\/doc\/157\/157.en.pdfhttps:\/openaccess.mpg.de\/Berlin-Declaration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">declaration<\/a> was mainly focussed on advancing the OA movement to ensure that the outputs of public funded research are made freely available and accessible to all.<\/li>\n<li>This declaration was instrumental in influencing global policies regarding data sharing and driving the OA movement in 38 member countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions_IFLA_Statement_on_Open_Access_to_Scholarly_Literature_and_Research_Documentation_2004\"><\/span>International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation (2004)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>The IFLA <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.ifla.org\/items\/9723652d-6d90-47d6-b3cc-4323e2785f4a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"broken_link\">statement<\/a> was released by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. Interestingly, IFLA also signed the Berlin Statement and has taken a leadership role in the OA movement by supporting the launch of OA-compliant publications.<\/li>\n<li>This statement recognized the commitment needed to ensure unrestricted access to research outputs. It played a significant role in laying the foundations for recommended practices in open science.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy_OSTP_Guidelines_2022\"><\/span>Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Guidelines (2022)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Released in the year 2022, the updated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ostp\/news-updates\/2022\/08\/25\/ostp-issues-guidance-to-make-federally-funded-research-freely-available-without-delay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"broken_link\">policy guidelines<\/a> mandates agencies to make the federally funded research in the US publicly available by the end of 2025.<\/li>\n<li>This statement has had profound impact on the STM publishing industry, as it promises to unlock more than $90 billion in research. It also leads the world by setting an example on the crucial role played by government policies in advancing the OA movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">While multiple OA movements have been initiated time and again, most of these movements suffer from sustainable financial stability. It is essential to develop a model that encompasses all publishing costs, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/publication-support-services\/peer-review-process\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"115\" title=\"Peer Review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peer review<\/a>, editorial work, and digital preservation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">As OA movements continue to evolve, its future is shaped by how effectively it can address the challenges of financial sustainability, regional disparities and upholding quality in publishing. A collaborative effort by all the stakeholders involved in the publishing industry \u2014 governments, institutions, funding bodies, libraries, and researchers will be crucial in advancing this movement to the next phase, enabling it to thrive as a viable and equitable publishing model.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49112?action=genpdf&amp;id=49112\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Open Access (OA) movement has redefined the way scholarly knowledge is shared and accessed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":49111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[751],"tags":[159,1623],"ppma_author":[1895],"class_list":["post-49112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication-stages","tag-open-access","tag-open-science"],"better_featured_image":{"id":49111,"alt_text":"OA Article","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":910,"height":340,"file":"2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV.jpg","filesize":23697,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-470x176.jpg","width":470,"height":176,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":8558,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-470x176.jpg"},"large":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-750x280.jpg","width":750,"height":280,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":15515,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-750x280.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-170x150.jpg","width":170,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":4747,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-170x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-768x287.jpg","width":768,"height":287,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":16046,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-768x287.jpg"},"tf-client-image-size":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-120x120.jpg","width":120,"height":120,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":3331,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-120x120.jpg"},"publisher-tb1":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-86x64.jpg","width":86,"height":64,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":2193,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-86x64.jpg"},"publisher-sm":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-210x136.jpg","width":210,"height":136,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5089,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-210x136.jpg"},"publisher-mg2":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-279x220.jpg","width":279,"height":220,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":8111,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-279x220.jpg"},"publisher-md":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-357x210.jpg","width":357,"height":210,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":8667,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-357x210.jpg"},"publisher-lg":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-750x340.jpg","width":750,"height":340,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":18233,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-750x340.jpg"},"publisher-tall-sm":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-180x217.jpg","width":180,"height":217,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":6225,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-180x217.jpg"},"publisher-tall-lg":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-267x322.jpg","width":267,"height":322,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":9505,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-267x322.jpg"},"publisher-tall-big":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-368x340.jpg","width":368,"height":340,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":11830,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-368x340.jpg"},"rpwe-thumbnail":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-45x45.jpg","width":45,"height":45,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":1444,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-45x45.jpg"},"web-stories-poster-portrait":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-640x340.jpg","width":640,"height":340,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":16817,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-640x340.jpg"},"web-stories-publisher-logo":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":2617,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-96x96.jpg"},"web-stories-thumbnail":{"file":"OA-Article_PV-150x56.jpg","width":150,"height":56,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":2548,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV-150x56.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]}},"post":null,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OA-Article_PV.jpg"},"acf":{"faq_main_heading":"","faq_heading_one":"","faq_heading_two":"","faq_heading_three":"","faq_heading_four":"","faq_heading_five":"","faq_heading_six":"","faq_description_one":"","faq_description_two":"","faq_description_three":"","faq_description_four":"","faq_description_five":"","faq_description_six":""},"views":375,"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1895,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"editor","display_name":"Enago 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It is also a popular platform for networking, allowing researchers to learn, share, and discuss their experiences within their network and community. 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