{"id":46486,"date":"2024-02-29T16:34:57","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T10:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=46486"},"modified":"2024-03-20T18:29:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T12:29:01","slug":"gender-bias-in-science-funding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/gender-bias-in-science-funding\/","title":{"rendered":"The Silent Struggle: Confronting gender bias in science funding"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the 1990s, Dr. Katalin Kariko\u2019s pioneering mRNA research seemed destined for obscurity, doomed by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/katalin-kariko-scientific-maverick-who-paved-way-for-mrna-vaccines\/article67372179.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">lack of funding<\/a>. Demoted by the University of Pennsylvania, this determined Hungarian immigrant persisted tirelessly, believing mRNA could spark a breakthrough.<\/p>\n<p>Years later, Kariko\u2019s mRNA work enabled the rapid creation of COVID-19 vaccines. Her journey to becoming a Nobel laureate reveals the scientific leaps that could be achieved by women researchers. But it also raises an important question &#8211; How many potential lifesavers have been lost because the system won\u2019t invest equally in women\u2019s research?<\/p>\n<p>Equity in research investment is crucial because genius and grit doesn\u2019t differentiate between gender.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/05\/science\/women-scientists-grants.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"broken_link\">Recent studies<\/a> reveal a striking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/gender-disparities-in-stem-what-you-need-to-know\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender gap<\/a> in research grants. Women receive, on average, $41,000 less than men from the NIH, hindering careers and limiting exploration. This disparity persists even in women\u2019s health studies, with projects from female principal investigators facing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/immersive\/d41586-023-01475-2\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">disproportionately high rejection rates<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Across the <a href=\"https:\/\/researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41073-023-00127-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">US and Europe<\/a>, the data shows consistent funding disadvantages for women in science:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46487 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20.png\" alt=\"Difference in funding percentage men vs women\" width=\"684\" height=\"599\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20.png 800w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20-263x230.png 263w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20-549x480.png 549w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20-170x150.png 170w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20-768x672.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-20-150x131.png 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 684px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 684\/599;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This silent struggle exists in academic space globally, depriving many women researchers of the opportunity to showcase their brilliance.<\/p>\n<h2>Women Making Waves in Science<\/h2>\n<p>While enormous gaps remain in research funding allocation, some brilliant women scientists have managed to break through barriers and secure major grants for significant projects. Their success demonstrates women&#8217;s capabilities to lead innovative research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class='white' style='background:rgb(255, 255, 255); border:solid 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius:0px; padding:8px 0px 10px 0px;'>\n<div id='single_sample_slider' class='owl-carousel sa_owl_theme autohide-arrows' data-slider-id='single_sample_slider' style='visibility:hidden;'>\n<div id='single_sample_slider_slide01' class='sa_hover_container' style='padding:5% 2%; margin:0px 0%; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); '><div class=\"single_slider\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;padding-bottom: 10px\">\r\n<div class=\"slingle_slider_img\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1.png\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 416px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 416\/410;\" \/><\/div>\r\n<h3>Dr. Liana Apostolova<\/h3>\r\n<p>Associate Dean of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research at Indiana University<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Received $7.6 million grant to lead major study on early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/li>\r\n<li>Seeking to improve detection and treatment for young-onset Alzheimer's patients<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.iu.edu\/faculty\/6815\/apostolova-liana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Indiana University<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div id='single_sample_slider_slide02' class='sa_hover_container' style='padding:5% 2%; margin:0px 0%; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); '><div class=\"single_slider\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;padding-bottom: 10px\">\r\n<div class=\"slingle_slider_img\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.png\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 417px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 417\/410;\" \/><\/div>\r\n<h3>Dr. Kara K. Wools<\/h3>\r\n<p>Reputed Professor of Global Health Research at Indiana University<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Leads $4.8 million East African consortium studying HIV treatment globally<\/li>\r\n<li>Research critical for expanding access to care and improving health outcomes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.iu.edu\/faculty\/4840\/wools-kaloustian-kara\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Indiana University<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div id='single_sample_slider_slide03' class='sa_hover_container' style='padding:5% 2%; margin:0px 0%; background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); '><div class=\"single_slider\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;padding-bottom: 10px\">\r\n<div class=\"slingle_slider_img\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.png\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 417px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 417\/410;\" \/><\/div>\r\n<h3>Dr. Heidi Schellman<\/h3>\r\n<p>Professor of Physics at Oregon State University working in high-energy physics<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Recipient of $3M grant for neutrino research shared with team from four universities<\/li>\r\n<li>Studying fundamentals of matter and forces (intersection of strong and weak interactions)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/physics.oregonstate.edu\/impact\/2023\/01\/physicist-schellman-ranked-a-top-female-scientist-worldwide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Oregon State University<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>\n\tjQuery(document).ready(function() {\n\t\tjQuery('#single_sample_slider').owlCarousel({\n\t\t\titems : 1,\n\t\t\tsmartSpeed : 1500,\n\t\t\tautoplay : true,\n\t\t\tautoplayTimeout : 6000,\n\t\t\tautoplayHoverPause : true,\n\t\t\tsmartSpeed : 1500,\n\t\t\tfluidSpeed : 1500,\n\t\t\tautoplaySpeed : 1500,\n\t\t\tnavSpeed : 1500,\n\t\t\tdotsSpeed : 1500,\n\t\t\tloop : true,\n\t\t\tnav : true,\n\t\t\tnavText : ['Previous','Next'],\n\t\t\tdots : false,\n\t\t\tresponsiveRefreshRate : 200,\n\t\t\tslideBy : 'page',\n\t\t\tmergeFit : true,\n\t\t\tautoHeight : false,\n\t\t\tmouseDrag : false,\n\t\t\ttouchDrag : true\n\t\t});\n\t\tjQuery('#single_sample_slider').css('visibility', 'visible');\n\t\tsa_resize_single_sample_slider();\n\t\twindow.addEventListener('resize', sa_resize_single_sample_slider);\n\t\tfunction sa_resize_single_sample_slider() {\n\t\t\tvar min_height = 'aspect169';\n\t\t\tvar win_width = jQuery(window).width();\n\t\t\tvar slider_width = jQuery('#single_sample_slider').width();\n\t\t\tif (win_width < 480) {\n\t\t\t\tvar slide_width = slider_width \/ 1;\n\t\t\t} else if (win_width < 768) {\n\t\t\t\tvar slide_width = slider_width \/ 1;\n\t\t\t} else if (win_width < 980) {\n\t\t\t\tvar slide_width = slider_width \/ 1;\n\t\t\t} else if (win_width < 1200) {\n\t\t\t\tvar slide_width = slider_width \/ 1;\n\t\t\t} else if (win_width < 1500) {\n\t\t\t\tvar slide_width = slider_width \/ 1;\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tvar slide_width = slider_width \/ 1;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tslide_width = Math.round(slide_width);\n\t\t\tvar slide_height = '0';\n\t\t\tif (min_height == 'aspect43') {\n\t\t\t\tslide_height = (slide_width \/ 4) * 3;\t\t\t\tslide_height = Math.round(slide_height);\n\t\t\t} else if (min_height == 'aspect169') {\n\t\t\t\tslide_height = (slide_width \/ 16) * 9;\t\t\t\tslide_height = Math.round(slide_height);\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tslide_height = (slide_width \/ 100) * min_height;\t\t\t\tslide_height = Math.round(slide_height);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tjQuery('#single_sample_slider .owl-item .sa_hover_container').css('min-height', slide_height+'px');\n\t\t}\n\t\tvar owl_goto = jQuery('#single_sample_slider');\n\t\tjQuery('.single_sample_slider_goto1').click(function(event){\n\t\t\towl_goto.trigger('to.owl.carousel', 0);\n\t\t});\n\t\tjQuery('.single_sample_slider_goto2').click(function(event){\n\t\t\towl_goto.trigger('to.owl.carousel', 1);\n\t\t});\n\t\tjQuery('.single_sample_slider_goto3').click(function(event){\n\t\t\towl_goto.trigger('to.owl.carousel', 2);\n\t\t});\n\t\tvar resize_46525 = jQuery('.owl-carousel');\n\t\tresize_46525.on('initialized.owl.carousel', function(e) {\n\t\t\tif (typeof(Event) === 'function') {\n\t\t\t\twindow.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize'));\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tvar evt = window.document.createEvent('UIEvents');\n\t\t\t\tevt.initUIEvent('resize', true, false, window, 0);\n\t\t\t\twindow.dispatchEvent(evt);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t});\n<\/script>\n<\/p>\n<p>Global leaders have committed to closing funding gaps through initiatives like the UN SDG 2030 agenda which calls for gender equality and empowerment in research and public life. The SDG priorities make it clear that achieving funding equity in science is essential; agencies cannot claim to support gender equality while continuing lopsided grant allocation.<\/p>\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"21\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"21\",\"quiz_name\":\"Are you an ally for women in STEM\",\"disable_answer\":\"0\",\"ajax_show_correct\":\"0\",\"progress_bar\":\"0\",\"contact_info_location\":\"1\",\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"1\",\"pagekey\":\"V4ZMvcMG\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"},\"2\":{\"id\":\"2\",\"quizID\":\"1\",\"pagekey\":\"RoRNn9Vk\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"},\"3\":{\"id\":\"3\",\"quizID\":\"1\",\"pagekey\":\"rTY2Qf66\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":\"0\",\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":\"0\",\"enable_quick_result_mc\":\"0\",\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":\"0\",\"disable_mathjax\":\"0\",\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":\"\",\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":0,\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\"},\"first_page\":true}\n                    <\/script><div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-21 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz  quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm21\" id=\"quizForm21\" action=\"\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46486\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_21\" value=\"7ca1e060be\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_21\" value=\"69d9198acdecf\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section quiz_begin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='qsm-before-message mlw_qmn_message_before'>\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Take our \"Are you an ally for women in research funding?\" quiz to assess your responses to real-life scenarios and discover your score on the ally scale.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page qsm-question-page  qsm-page-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-pid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" data-prevbtn=\"0\" style='display: none;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-53 ' data-qid='53'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What do you do? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>You are on a selection committee to award $1 million in research grants. When reviewing applicants, you notice that female primary investigators submitted only 20% of proposals, but their success rate is equal to that of male researchers.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question53-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question53\" id=\"question53_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question53_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNothing, the process seems fair as success rates are equal\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question53-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question53\" id=\"question53_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question53_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAsk if bias in the application process discouraged women from applying\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question53-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question53\" id=\"question53_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question53_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLet this instance go and then later advocate for more female representation\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question53_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question53\" id=\"question53_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_53\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page qsm-question-page  qsm-page-2\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-pid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" data-prevbtn=\"0\" style='display: none;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-54 ' data-qid='54'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What is your response? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>You hear a male selection committee member remark that a female applicant seems \"too high risk\" for a large grant.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question54-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question54\" id=\"question54_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question54_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSay nothing to avoid confrontation\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question54-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question54\" id=\"question54_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question54_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tQuietly score her proposal\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question54-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question54\" id=\"question54_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question54_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRespond that gender cannot play a role here and all judgments should be evidence-based\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question54_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question54\" id=\"question54_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_54\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page qsm-question-page  qsm-page-3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-pid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" data-prevbtn=\"0\" style='display: none;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-55 ' data-qid='55'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What action do you take? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><p>You are part of a research team where female members consistently have their ideas dismissed during meetings, while similar suggestions from male colleagues are met with approval.<\/p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question55-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question55\" id=\"question55_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question55_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStay silent, assuming that speaking up may create tension within the team\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question55-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question55\" id=\"question55_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question55_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPrivately approach the team members to make them aware of their actions\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question55-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question55\" id=\"question55_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question55_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAddress their dismissive behaviour and highlight the contributions of female colleagues\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question55_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question55\" id=\"question55_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_55\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='qsm-after-message mlw_qmn_message_end'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'><label for=\"contact_field_0\">Name<\/label><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='text' class='mlwRequiredText qsm_required_text'  name='contact_field_0' id='contact_field_0'  value=''  placeholder='Name'  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'><label for=\"contact_field_1\">Email<\/label><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='email' class='mlwEmail mlwRequiredText qsm_required_text'  name='contact_field_1' id='contact_field_1'  value=''  placeholder='Email'  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'><label for=\"contact_field_2\">Designation<\/label><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='text' class='mlwRequiredText qsm_required_text'  name='contact_field_2' id='contact_field_2'  value=''  placeholder='Designation'  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'><label for=\"contact_field_3\">Subject Area<\/label><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='text' class='mlwRequiredText qsm_required_textmlwPhoneNumber'  name='contact_field_3' id='contact_field_3'  value=''  onkeydown='return event.keyCode !== 69'  placeholder='Subject Area'  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-select\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'><label for=\"contact_field_4\">Your Country<\/label><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<select class='qsmRequiredSelect' name='contact_field_4' id='contact_field_4'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=''>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChoose Your Country\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Afghanistan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAfghanistan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='\u00c5land Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c5land Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Albania'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlbania\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Algeria'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlgeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='American Samoa'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Samoa\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Andorra'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAndorra\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Angola'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAngola\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Anguilla'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnguilla\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Antarctica'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAntarctica\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Antigua and Barbuda'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAntigua and Barbuda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Argentina'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArgentina\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Armenia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArmenia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Aruba'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAruba\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Australia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAustralia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Austria'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAustria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Azerbaijan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAzerbaijan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bahamas'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBahamas\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bahrain'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBahrain\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bangladesh'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBangladesh\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Barbados'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBarbados\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Belarus'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBelarus\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Belgium'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBelgium\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Belize'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBelize\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Benin'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBenin\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bermuda'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBermuda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bhutan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBhutan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bolivia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBolivia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBosnia and Herzegovina\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Botswana'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBotswana\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bouvet Island'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBouvet Island\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Brazil'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBrazil\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='British Indian Ocean Territory'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBritish Indian Ocean Territory\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Brunei Darussalam'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBrunei Darussalam\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Bulgaria'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBulgaria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Burkina Faso'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBurkina Faso\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Burundi'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBurundi\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cambodia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCambodia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cameroon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCameroon\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Canada'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCanada\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cape Verde'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCape Verde\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cayman Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCayman Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Central African Republic'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCentral African Republic\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Chad'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChad\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Chile'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChile\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='China'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChina\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Christmas Island'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChristmas Island\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cocos (Keeling) Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCocos (Keeling) Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Colombia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tColombia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Comoros'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComoros\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Congo'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCongo\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Congo'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCongo\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='The Democratic Republic of The'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Democratic Republic of The\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cook Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCook Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Costa Rica'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCosta Rica\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cote D&#039;ivoire'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCote D&#039;ivoire\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Croatia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCroatia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cuba'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCuba\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Cyprus'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCyprus\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Czech Republic'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCzech Republic\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Denmark'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDenmark\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Djibouti'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDjibouti\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Dominica'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDominica\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Dominican Republic'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDominican Republic\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Ecuador'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEcuador\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Egypt'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEgypt\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='El Salvador'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEl Salvador\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Equatorial Guinea'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEquatorial Guinea\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Eritrea'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEritrea\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Estonia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEstonia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Ethiopia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEthiopia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Falkland Islands (Malvinas)'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFalkland Islands (Malvinas)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Faroe Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFaroe Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Fiji'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFiji\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Finland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFinland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='France'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrance\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='French Guiana'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrench Guiana\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='French Polynesia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrench Polynesia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='French Southern Territories'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrench Southern Territories\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Gabon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGabon\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Gambia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGambia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Georgia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGeorgia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Germany'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGermany\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Ghana'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGhana\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Gibraltar'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGibraltar\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Greece'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGreece\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Greenland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGreenland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Grenada'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGrenada\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guadeloupe'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuadeloupe\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guam'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuam\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guatemala'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuatemala\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guernsey'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuernsey\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guinea'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuinea\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guinea-bissau'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuinea-bissau\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Guyana'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuyana\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Haiti'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHaiti\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeard Island and Mcdonald Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Holy See (Vatican City State)'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHoly See (Vatican City State)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Honduras'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHonduras\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Hong Kong'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHong Kong\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Hungary'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHungary\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Iceland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIceland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='India'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Indonesia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndonesia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Iran'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIran\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Islamic Republic of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIslamic Republic of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Iraq'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIraq\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Ireland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIreland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Isle of Man'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIsle of Man\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Israel'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIsrael\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Italy'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tItaly\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Jamaica'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJamaica\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Japan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJapan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Jersey'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJersey\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Jordan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJordan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Kazakhstan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKazakhstan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Kenya'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKenya\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Kiribati'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKiribati\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Korea'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKorea\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Democratic People&#039;s Republic of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDemocratic People&#039;s Republic of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Korea'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKorea\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Republic of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRepublic of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Kuwait'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKuwait\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Kyrgyzstan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKyrgyzstan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLao People&#039;s Democratic Republic\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Latvia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLatvia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Lebanon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLebanon\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Lesotho'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLesotho\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Liberia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLiberia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Libyan Arab Jamahiriya'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLibyan Arab Jamahiriya\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Liechtenstein'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLiechtenstein\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Lithuania'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLithuania\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Luxembourg'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLuxembourg\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Macao'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMacao\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Macedonia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMacedonia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='The Former Yugoslav Republic of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Former Yugoslav Republic of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Madagascar'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMadagascar\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Malawi'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMalawi\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Malaysia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMalaysia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Maldives'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMaldives\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mali'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMali\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Malta'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMalta\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Marshall Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMarshall Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Martinique'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMartinique\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mauritania'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMauritania\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mauritius'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMauritius\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mayotte'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMayotte\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mexico'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMexico\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Micronesia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMicronesia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Federated States of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFederated States of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Moldova'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMoldova\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Republic of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRepublic of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Monaco'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMonaco\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mongolia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMongolia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Montenegro'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMontenegro\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Montserrat'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMontserrat\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Morocco'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMorocco\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Mozambique'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMozambique\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Myanmar'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMyanmar\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Namibia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNamibia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Nauru'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNauru\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Nepal'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNepal\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Netherlands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNetherlands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Netherlands Antilles'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNetherlands Antilles\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='New Caledonia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNew Caledonia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='New Zealand'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNew Zealand\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Nicaragua'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNicaragua\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Niger'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNiger\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Nigeria'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNigeria\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Niue'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNiue\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Norfolk Island'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNorfolk Island\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Northern Mariana Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNorthern Mariana Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Norway'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNorway\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Oman'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOman\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Pakistan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPakistan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Palau'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPalau\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Palestinian Territory'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPalestinian Territory\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Occupied'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOccupied\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Panama'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPanama\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Papua New Guinea'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPapua New Guinea\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Paraguay'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tParaguay\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Peru'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPeru\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Philippines'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhilippines\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Pitcairn'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPitcairn\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Poland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPoland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Portugal'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPortugal\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Puerto Rico'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPuerto Rico\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Qatar'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQatar\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Reunion'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReunion\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Romania'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRomania\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Russian Federation'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRussian Federation\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Rwanda'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRwanda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Saint Helena'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSaint Helena\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSaint Kitts and Nevis\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Saint Lucia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSaint Lucia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Saint Pierre and Miquelon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSaint Pierre and Miquelon\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Saint Vincent and The Grenadines'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSaint Vincent and The Grenadines\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Samoa'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSamoa\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='San Marino'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSan Marino\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Sao Tome and Principe'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSao Tome and Principe\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Saudi Arabia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSaudi Arabia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Senegal'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSenegal\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Serbia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSerbia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Seychelles'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeychelles\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Sierra Leone'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSierra Leone\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Singapore'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSingapore\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Slovakia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSlovakia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Slovenia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSlovenia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Solomon Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSolomon Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Somalia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSomalia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='South Africa'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSouth Africa\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSouth Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Spain'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpain\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Sri Lanka'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSri Lanka\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Sudan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSudan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Suriname'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSuriname\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Svalbard and Jan Mayen'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSvalbard and Jan Mayen\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Swaziland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSwaziland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Sweden'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSweden\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Switzerland'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSwitzerland\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Syrian Arab Republic'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSyrian Arab Republic\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Taiwan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTaiwan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Tajikistan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTajikistan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Tanzania'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTanzania\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='United Republic of'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnited Republic of\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Thailand'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThailand\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Timor-leste'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTimor-leste\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Togo'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTogo\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Tokelau'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTokelau\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Tonga'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTonga\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Trinidad and Tobago'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrinidad and Tobago\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Tunisia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTunisia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Turkey'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTurkey\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Turkmenistan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTurkmenistan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Turks and Caicos Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTurks and Caicos Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Tuvalu'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTuvalu\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Uganda'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUganda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Ukraine'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUkraine\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='United Arab Emirates'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnited Arab Emirates\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='United Kingdom'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnited Kingdom\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='United States'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnited States\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='United States Minor Outlying Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnited States Minor Outlying Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Uruguay'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUruguay\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Uzbekistan'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUzbekistan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Vanuatu'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVanuatu\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Venezuela'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVenezuela\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Viet Nam'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tViet Nam\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Virgin Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVirgin Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='British'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBritish\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Virgin Islands'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVirgin Islands\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='U.S.'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tU.S.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Wallis and Futuna'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWallis and Futuna\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Western Sahara'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWestern Sahara\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Yemen'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYemen\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Zambia'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZambia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value='Zimbabwe'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZimbabwe\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"53Q54Q55Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"21\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Navigating Gender Based Barriers in Science Funding<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/empowering-women-in-stem-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Women in STEM<\/a> encounter multifaceted obstacles impeding their progress, including subconscious bias affecting funding decisions and collaborations, alongside disparities in research funding and workload distribution. These challenges underscore the need for systemic changes to foster gender equity and support women&#8217;s career advancement in scientific fields.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Confronting Subconscious Bias<\/h3>\n<p>Women in STEM face implicit gender biases that influence funding decisions, collaborations, and citations. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.1211286109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"broken_link\">Studies reveal<\/a> both men and women view male scientists as more competent and qualified. These subconscious attitudes skew assessments of merit and &#8220;quality&#8221;, leading funding panels to undervalue women&#8217;s proposals due to their chronic subtle biases.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Investigating Funding Biasness<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41557-022-01072-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Statistics<\/a> underscore significant disparities in research funding along gender lines, with women receiving nearly 40% less in grant amounts compared to their male counterparts. Moreover, they face challenges in securing adequate resources and staff for their <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32203339\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">initial labs<\/a>, while funding for women&#8217;s health research remains disproportionately underfunded.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Workload Disparity<\/h3>\n<p>Women academics spend less time on research compared to male counterparts. This is partly due to women being tasked more often with teaching, mentoring, and service activities. Additionally, women face many barriers, like bias and lack of support, that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7498325\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">reduce research time<\/a>. Less research time leads to fewer grant submissions and applications, impacting career advancement. Though funding agencies may show no gender bias, getting to top ranks requires systemic changes enabling women\u2019s research productivity across all career stages.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Limited Networks &amp; Social Capital<\/h3>\n<p>Limited networks and social capital pose significant challenges for women in academia, hindering their access to key collaborations, mentorship opportunities, and institutional support necessary for career advancement. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378873321001167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"broken_link\">Research shows<\/a> that women often face exclusion from influential circles dominated by male scientists, resulting in reduced visibility and resources. This disparity in network access impacts women&#8217;s ability to build research reputations and secure funding, perpetuating gender inequities in academic and professional settings.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Absence of Role Models<\/h3>\n<p>The lack of visible senior women scientists\u2019 further obscures potential career paths for younger women. Seeing few female deans, journal editors, and grant takers makes such heights seem unreachable. Imposter syndrome compounds when women lack same-gender role models to aspire to.<\/p>\n<h2>Importance of Allyship<\/h2>\n<p>Allies play a critical role in advancing equity and representation for women in science. With their leadership positions, men can drive change from within existing power structures. Allies can advocate for women colleagues in ways that combat unconscious bias.<\/p>\n<div class=\"form-template-container\"><strong>Know how to be an ally to women in STEM by following simple steps, find them <a href=\"https:\/\/app.monstercampaigns.com\/c\/vf6kwwpih8nh8sp7h9pj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here for free<\/a>.<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>Allies can act as an indispensable part in creating a more equitable funding system by using their privilege in the right way.<\/p>\n<h2>5 Ways to Increase Investment in Women in STEM<\/h2>\n<p>Advancing investment in women in STEM requires a strategic approach and concerted efforts that target an inclusive and supportive ecosystem that empowers women scientists to excel and contribute significantly to their fields.<\/p>\n<h3><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46488 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-23-e1709190883929.png\" alt=\"Ways to increase investment in women in STEM\" width=\"800\" height=\"664\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-23-e1709190883929.png 800w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-23-e1709190883929-277x230.png 277w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-23-e1709190883929-578x480.png 578w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-23-e1709190883929-768x637.png 768w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/800-x-700-23-e1709190883929-150x125.png 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/664;\" \/>1. Gender-Balanced Leadership and Decision-Making Committees<\/h3>\n<p>Increasing the representation of women in leadership and decision-making roles on funding committees, academic appointment committees, and other key positions can help mitigate gender bias. <a href=\"https:\/\/radar.brookes.ac.uk\/radar\/file\/ccbf5f3d-c7a3-438e-ac04-9a1b29569ec0\/1\/Investing%20in%20Women%20ScientistsFinal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Studies<\/a> show \u00a0organizations should aim for more female representation at higher decision levels and be transparent about the gender breakdown of their committees. They should actively recruit qualified women and be willing to provide training to prepare women for leadership roles if needed.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Providing Mentorship and Networking Opportunities<\/h3>\n<p>Mentorship and networking are vital for career advancement and access to funding opportunities. Organizations should implement formal mentoring programs to connect junior women scientists with senior colleagues who can provide advice, sponsorship, and introduction to key contacts. Conferences and professional associations should organize networking events for women scientists to meet peers and interact with leaders in their field.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Increasing Funding Opportunities for Women<\/h3>\n<p>Funders should set goals and track data to ensure more grants and awards go to women scientists. This may involve proactively recruiting women on selection committees, using implicit bias statements in selection criteria, or setting targets for the percentage of grants awarded to women. Special funding programs just for women can help establish equitable ground for their growth. Funding databases, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientifyresearch.org\/all-funding-for-women-in-research\/2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientify Research&#8217;s database<\/a>, has exclusive database for funding for woman in research. This helps increase access and provide support.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Promoting Welcoming Work Environments<\/h3>\n<p>Institutions must create environments where women can thrive through policies like paid family leave, stopping the tenure clock for parental leave, anti-discrimination training, and zero tolerance for harassment. Transparency around promotion criteria and salaries can effectively prevents gender biases.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Tracking Funding Data<\/h3>\n<p>Organizations should track applications, success rates, funding amounts, and demographics across gender, race, discipline and other parameters. This allows gaps to be identified and progress monitored over time. Data should be publicly shared to hold institutions accountable. Regular diversity reports and equity reviews can be used to spot problems early. Goals can then be adjusted accordingly to counter those issues.<\/p>\n<p>The time has come to break the silence surrounding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/women-researchers-gender-bias-in-stem-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender bias<\/a> in science. So where do we go from here? The path forward must be paved with bold, collaborative action. Funding agencies have the power to implement new policies that give women an equitable shot at grants. Institutions can create supportive environments where women thrive at every career stage. And prominent scientists, can leverage their privilege to actively champion talented women colleagues.<\/p>\n<p>Have you ever experienced gender disparity in your scientific journey? Join the chorus of voice for change by sharing your experience on our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/write-for-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Platform<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/call-for-speaker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">participating in our podcast<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the 1990s, Dr. Katalin Kariko\u2019s pioneering mRNA research seemed destined for obscurity, doomed by&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":46503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1932,1537],"tags":[1561,1664,1639],"ppma_author":[1895],"class_list":["post-46486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diversity-and-inclusion","category-trending-now","tag-gender-bias-in-research","tag-research-funding","tag-scientific-research"],"better_featured_image":{"id":46503,"alt_text":"Gender Bias in Science Funding","caption":"","description":"Explore the barriers that women face for research funding in STEM and learn how to amplify women's voices in scientific innovation. 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