{"id":4162,"date":"2015-09-30T11:56:52","date_gmt":"2015-09-30T06:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=4162"},"modified":"2018-10-16T13:59:02","modified_gmt":"2018-10-16T08:29:02","slug":"merits-of-qualitative-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/merits-of-qualitative-research\/","title":{"rendered":"The Merits of Qualitative Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Beyond How Often and How Many<\/h2>\n<p>Human beings have always been difficult to research. Unlike the natural sciences where we can use quantitative methods to capture how often things occur and how we go about replicating results through repeated experiments by other researchers, social research requires objective observation and documentation without any expectation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/replicate-research-data-with-caution-in-your-research-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">replication<\/a> in order to achieve understanding.<\/p>\n<h2>Inductive Rather than Deductive<\/h2>\n<p>If we start with the premise that qualitative methods work best but\u00a0can\u2019t be used, we are immediately released from the obligation to manipulate variables, compare them against a control, and run multiple scenarios in order to deduce a replicable solution matrix.<\/p>\n<p>The emphasis on observation with an expectation to just describe and understand facilitates research into opinions, feelings and experiences (variables that would confound a traditional quantitative study). In addition, the lack of a manipulated study environment allows the retention of the dynamic nature of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/10-questions-to-ask-in-academic-interview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview<\/a> or group discussion process. Researchers are not tied to pre-approved survey questions, and have the freedom to probe beyond initial responses with follow-up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/post-editorial-support.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questions in real-time<\/a>. The direct presence of the researcher, either as a hidden observer or focus group leader, allows non-verbal communication to be observed also.<\/p>\n<h2>Qualitative Theories<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Phenomenology<\/em> \u2013 describing the \u201clived experience\u201d of a phenomenon through narrative interviews with people who survived or experienced a particular event or period in time.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ethnography<\/em> \u2013 typically used in anthropological research to develop a &#8220;portrait of a people&#8221; through descriptive studies and direct interviews in cultural settings.<\/li>\n<li><em>Grounded Theory <\/em>\u2013 first proposed by Glaser and Strauss in 1967, grounded theory follows a stipulated data collection procedure in order to develop distinct conceptual categories. It continues to generate discussion as to whether or not it should be labeled as a qualitative methodology. Advocates argue that since the methodology is inductive, it belongs in the qualitative camp. Critics, in contrast, argue that since the objective is the development of a theory that can be further developed with alternative research methodologies, Grounded Theory should be recognized as a <em>general<\/em> method, rather than qualitative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Accepted Limitations<\/h2>\n<p>Qualitative research methods come with two major limitations. First, since the traditional data collection methodology is through direct observation or interviews, there is no dataset to &#8220;number crunch,&#8221; which makes this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/appropriate-research-article\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">type of research<\/a> very labor intensive.<\/p>\n<p>Second, since the data collection is based on individual researcher observation or interviews of specific groups in real time, the potential to generalize broader themes from qualitative data is more limited than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/merits-of-quantitative-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quantitative data<\/a>. As such, we would categorize the data as descriptive rather than prescriptive.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4162?action=genpdf&amp;id=4162\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Beyond How Often and How Many Human beings have always been difficult to research. Unlike&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1319,1336],"tags":[1510],"ppma_author":[1895],"class_list":["post-4162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-beyond-publishing","category-phd-cafe","tag-tips-for-phd-students"],"better_featured_image":null,"acf":{"faq_main_heading":"","faq_heading_one":"","faq_heading_two":"","faq_heading_three":"","faq_heading_four":"","faq_heading_five":"","faq_heading_six":"","faq_description_one":"","faq_description_two":"","faq_description_three":"","faq_description_four":"","faq_description_five":"","faq_description_six":""},"views":409,"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1895,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"editor","display_name":"Enago Academy","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ef4bc47f3ceaa56f5eb3b26f9520fad298ba36ede4f86315997ffb45db37a1f?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"Academy","first_name":"Editor","job_title":"","description":"Enago Academy, the knowledge arm of Enago, offers comprehensive and up-to-date resources on academic research and scholarly publishing to all levels of scholarly professionals: students, researchers, editors, publishers, and academic societies. It is also a popular platform for networking, allowing researchers to learn, share, and discuss their experiences within their network and community. The team, which comprises subject matter experts, academicians, trainers, and technical project managers, are passionate about helping researchers at all levels establish a successful career, both within and outside academia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4162"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4162\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4162"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}