{"id":40558,"date":"2022-11-10T18:26:42","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T12:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=40558"},"modified":"2023-07-21T16:35:27","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T10:35:27","slug":"experimental-research-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Experimental Research Design \u2014 6 mistakes you should never make!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Since school days\u2019 students perform scientific experiments that provide results that define and prove the laws and theorems in science. These experiments are laid on a strong foundation of experimental research designs.<\/p>\n<p>An experimental research design helps researchers execute their research objectives with more clarity and transparency.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, we will not only discuss the key aspects of experimental research designs but also the issues to avoid and problems to resolve while designing your research study.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#What_Is_Experimental_Research_Design\" >What Is Experimental Research Design?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#When_Can_a_Researcher_Conduct_Experimental_Research\" >When Can a Researcher Conduct Experimental Research?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#Importance_of_Experimental_Research_Design\" >Importance of Experimental Research Design<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#Types_of_Experimental_Research_Designs\" >Types of Experimental Research Designs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#Advantages_of_Experimental_Research\" >Advantages of Experimental Research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#6_Mistakes_to_Avoid_While_Designing_Your_Research\" >6 Mistakes to Avoid While Designing Your Research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/experimental-research-design\/#Experimental_Research_Design_Example\" >Experimental Research Design Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Experimental_Research_Design\"><\/span>What Is Experimental Research Design?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Experimental research design is a framework of protocols and procedures created to conduct experimental research with a scientific approach using two sets of variables. Herein, the first set of variables acts as a constant, used to measure the differences of the second set. The best example of experimental research methods is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/qualitative-research-versus-quantitative-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quantitative research<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Experimental research helps a researcher gather the necessary data for making better research decisions and determining the facts of a research study.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Can_a_Researcher_Conduct_Experimental_Research\"><\/span>When Can a Researcher Conduct Experimental Research?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A researcher can conduct experimental research in the following situations \u2014<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>When time is an important factor in establishing a relationship between the cause and effect.<\/li>\n<li>When there is an invariable or never-changing behavior between the cause and effect.<\/li>\n<li>Finally, when the researcher wishes to understand the importance of the cause and effect.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Experimental_Research_Design\"><\/span>Importance of Experimental Research Design<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To publish significant results, choosing a quality research design forms the foundation to build the research study. Moreover, effective research design helps establish quality decision-making procedures, structures the research to lead to easier data analysis, and addresses the main research question. Therefore, it is essential to cater undivided attention and time to create an experimental research design before beginning the practical experiment.<\/p>\n<p>By creating a research design, a researcher is also giving oneself time to organize the research, set up relevant boundaries for the study, and increase the reliability of the results. Through all these efforts, one could also avoid inconclusive results. If any part of the research design is flawed, it will reflect on the quality of the results derived.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Experimental_Research_Designs\"><\/span>Types of Experimental Research Designs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Based on the methods used to collect data in experimental studies, the experimental research designs are of three primary types:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Pre-experimental Research Design<\/h3>\n<p>A research study could conduct pre-experimental research design when a group or many groups are under observation after implementing factors of cause and effect of the research. The pre-experimental design will help researchers understand whether further investigation is necessary for the groups under observation.<\/p>\n<p>Pre-experimental research is of three types \u2014<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>One-shot Case Study Research Design<\/li>\n<li>One-group Pretest-posttest Research Design<\/li>\n<li>Static-group Comparison<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>2. True Experimental Research Design<\/h3>\n<p>A true experimental research design relies on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/statistics-in-research-data-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistical analysis<\/a> to prove or disprove a researcher\u2019s hypothesis. It is one of the most accurate forms of research because it provides specific scientific evidence. Furthermore, out of all the types of experimental designs, only a true experimental design can establish a cause-effect relationship within a group. However, in a true experiment, a researcher must satisfy these three factors \u2014<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>There is a control group that is not subjected to changes and an experimental group that will experience the changed variables<\/li>\n<li>A variable that can be manipulated by the researcher<\/li>\n<li>Random distribution of the variables<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This type of experimental research is commonly observed in the physical sciences.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Quasi-experimental Research Design<\/h3>\n<p>The word \u201cQuasi\u201d means similarity. A quasi-experimental design is similar to a true experimental design. However, the difference between the two is the assignment of the control group. In this research design, an independent variable is manipulated, but the participants of a group are not randomly assigned. This type of research design is used in field settings where random assignment is either irrelevant or not required.<\/p>\n<p>The classification of the research subjects, conditions, or groups determines the type of research design to be used.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-40561 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Infographic.jpg\" alt=\"experimental research design\" width=\"750\" height=\"430\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Infographic.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Infographic-401x230.jpg 401w, https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Infographic-150x86.jpg 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/430;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Experimental_Research\"><\/span>Advantages of Experimental Research<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Experimental research allows you to test your idea in a controlled environment before taking the research to clinical trials. Moreover, it provides the best method to test your theory because of the following advantages:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Researchers have firm control over variables to obtain results.<\/li>\n<li>The subject does not impact the effectiveness of experimental research. Anyone can implement it for research purposes.<\/li>\n<li>The results are specific.<\/li>\n<li>Post results analysis, research findings from the same dataset can be repurposed for similar research ideas.<\/li>\n<li>Researchers can identify the cause and effect of the hypothesis and further analyze this relationship to determine in-depth ideas.<\/li>\n<li>Experimental research makes an ideal starting point. The collected data could be used as a foundation to build new research ideas for further studies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Mistakes_to_Avoid_While_Designing_Your_Research\"><\/span>6 Mistakes to Avoid While Designing Your Research<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There is no order to this list, and any one of these issues can seriously compromise the quality of your research. You could refer to the list as a checklist of what to avoid while designing your research.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Invalid Theoretical Framework<\/h3>\n<p>Usually, researchers miss out on checking if their hypothesis is logical to be tested. If your research design does not have basic assumptions or postulates, then it is fundamentally flawed and you need to rework on your research framework.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Inadequate Literature Study<\/h3>\n<p>Without a comprehensive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/how-to-write-good-literature-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research literature review<\/a>, it is difficult to identify and fill the knowledge and information gaps. Furthermore, you need to clearly state how your research will contribute to the research field, either by adding value to the pertinent literature or challenging previous findings and assumptions.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Insufficient or Incorrect Statistical Analysis<\/h3>\n<p>Statistical results are one of the most trusted scientific evidence. The ultimate goal of a research experiment is to gain valid and sustainable evidence. Therefore, incorrect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/publication-support-services\/statistical-analysis.htm\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"121\" title=\"Statistical Analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statistical analysis<\/a> could affect the quality of any quantitative research.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Undefined Research Problem<\/h3>\n<p>This is one of the most basic aspects of research design. The research problem statement must be clear and to do that, you must set the framework for the development of research questions that address the core problems.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Research Limitations<\/h3>\n<p>Every study has some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/limitations-of-research-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">type of limitations<\/a>. You should anticipate and incorporate those limitations into your conclusion, as well as the basic research design. Include a statement in your manuscript about any perceived limitations, and how you considered them while designing your experiment and drawing the conclusion.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Ethical Implications<\/h3>\n<p>The most important yet less talked about topic is the ethical issue. Your research design must include ways to minimize any risk for your participants and also address the research problem or question at hand. If you cannot manage the ethical norms along with your research study, your research objectives and validity could be questioned.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Experimental_Research_Design_Example\"><\/span>Experimental Research Design Example<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In an experimental design, a researcher gathers plant samples and then randomly assigns half the samples to photosynthesize in sunlight and the other half to be kept in a dark box without sunlight, while controlling all the other variables (nutrients, water, soil, etc.)<\/p>\n<p>By comparing their outcomes in biochemical tests, the researcher can confirm that the changes in the plants were due to the sunlight and not the other variables.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6923620\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Experimental research<\/a> is often the final form of a study conducted in the research process which is considered to provide conclusive and specific results. But it is not meant for every research. It involves a lot of resources, time, and money and is not easy to conduct, unless a foundation of research is built. Yet it is widely used in research institutes and commercial industries, for its most conclusive results in the scientific approach.<\/p>\n<p>Have you worked on research designs? How was your experience creating an experimental design? What difficulties did you face? Do write to us or comment below and share your insights on experimental research designs!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40558?action=genpdf&amp;id=40558\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"@context\": \"http:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": \"CreativeWorkSeries\",\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"aggregateRating\": {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"@type\": 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the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8255,"featured_media":40559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[753,751,2],"tags":[1871,1618],"ppma_author":[1909],"class_list":["post-40558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manuscript-preparation","category-publication-stages","category-academic-writing","tag-research","tag-tips-for-phd-students-and-postdocs"],"better_featured_image":{"id":40559,"alt_text":"Experimental Research Design","caption":"","description":"An experimental research design helps researchers execute their research objectives with more clarity and 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Review":{"file":"ResearchDesign_Global-320x340.jpg","width":320,"height":340,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":12551,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Global-320x340.jpg"},"rpwe-thumbnail":{"file":"ResearchDesign_Global-45x45.jpg","width":45,"height":45,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":1289,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Global-45x45.jpg"},"web-stories-poster-portrait":{"file":"ResearchDesign_Global-640x340.jpg","width":640,"height":340,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":26771,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Global-640x340.jpg"},"web-stories-publisher-logo":{"file":"ResearchDesign_Global-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":2442,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Global-96x96.jpg"},"web-stories-thumbnail":{"file":"ResearchDesign_Global-150x56.jpg","width":150,"height":56,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":2982,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Global-150x56.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0","keywords":[]}},"post":40558,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ResearchDesign_Global.jpg"},"acf":{"faq_main_heading":"Frequently Asked Questions","faq_heading_one":"Why is randomization important in an experimental design?","faq_heading_two":"Why use experimental research design?","faq_heading_three":"What are the types of Experimental Research Designs?","faq_heading_four":"Difference between experimental and quasi experimental research","faq_heading_five":"Difference between experimental research and descriptive research","faq_heading_six":"","faq_description_one":"Randomization is important in an experimental research because it ensures unbiased results of the experiment. It also measures the cause-effect relationship on a particular group of interest. ","faq_description_two":"Experimental research design lay the foundation of a research and structures the research to establish quality decision making process. ","faq_description_three":"There are 3 types of experimental research designs. These are pre-experimental research design, true experimental research design, and quasi experimental research design.","faq_description_four":"The difference between an experimental and a quasi-experimental design are: <br>1. The assignment of the control group in quasi experimental research is non-random, unlike true experimental design, which is randomly assigned. <br>2.\tExperimental research group always has a control group; on the other hand, it may not be always present in quasi experimental research.","faq_description_five":"Experimental research establishes a cause-effect relationship by testing a theory or hypothesis using experimental groups or control variables. In contrast, descriptive research describes a study or a topic by defining the variables under it and answering the questions related to the same.","faq_description_six":""},"views":361166,"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1909,"user_id":8255,"is_guest":0,"slug":"shrutika","display_name":"Shrutika Sirisilla","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/472bc3237f94a0a0077cc6a3b56e335153828d3235c3be8b91063a60a301bd7f?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"Sirisilla","first_name":"Shrutika","job_title":"","description":"Shrutika Sirisilla is a content expert with 2 years of experience in academic research. Previously, she has worked as a content writer and created reader friendly scientific content for a reputed diagnostic company and contributed in the publishing process of its healthcare magazines. She has also worked as a linguistic specialist and is certified with C1 Advanced English Language. As an academic, she pursued research in the field of stem cell. Her research expertise also includes developmental biology, molecular biology, cellular biology, and genetics. Currently, she is dedicated toward creating scientific content for early career professionals in the STEM industry."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8255"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40558"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40558\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43218,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40558\/revisions\/43218"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40558"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=40558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}