{"id":2297,"date":"2015-03-09T11:15:47","date_gmt":"2015-03-09T11:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=2297"},"modified":"2018-05-22T18:17:16","modified_gmt":"2018-05-22T12:47:16","slug":"how-to-get-your-point-across-using-repetition-and-variation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/how-to-get-your-point-across-using-repetition-and-variation\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Get Your Point Across Using Repetition and Variation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As a scientist, you are writing because you have a non-subjective message to convey. That message should be crystal clear. State it, rather than imply it; repeat it to drive it home, and vary it to <a title=\"How to Engage Your Audience During Live Presentations?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/how-to-engage-audience-during-live-presentations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">keep the reader engaged<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In the following example, you can emphasize your\u00a0message through the Title, Abstract, and Discussion. If you look for it, you will see that a majority of published research papers state and repeat their message in these sections, as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-left: 10px\"><em>Title:<\/em> Effects of number of cagemates on home cage ethanol drinking during proximal cagemate drinking (PCD) procedures in male and female CD-1 mice<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-left: 10px\"><em>Abstract:<\/em> The present experiment evaluated the effects of the Number of Cagemates (0 vs 1 vs 2) on home cage ethanol drinking during Proximal Cagemate Drinking (PCD) procedures in Male and Female CD-1 mice\u2026<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-left: 10px\"><em>Discussion:<\/em> The present study employed Proximal Cagemate Drinking (PCD) procedures to evaluate the intakes of ethanol and water in nonaddicted Male and Female CD-1 mice during their first 12 days of exposure to ethanol drinking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If your message doesn\u2019t emphasize your point like in the above examples, revise it until it does. You can refine the message so that it\u00a0varies\u00a0in other crucial locations, as this paper does in the Introduction, after a survey of the literature:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-left: 10px\"><em>Introduction:<\/em> The present study evaluated the effects of social stimulation on ethanol consumption in the home cage using the Proximal Cagemate Drinking (PCD) procedures. (Tomie <em>et al<\/em>.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Variation<\/h2>\n<p>Variation can also be used when a paragraph has more than one topic sentence. When there is a lot going on, repeating the topic sentence with refinement will help your reader to stay on track:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Our working conceptual model is designed to illustrate only <em>the possible mechanisms of S\u2013W disturbances in alcohol addiction, focusing only on the role of the PPT in the development of sleep disorders that result from chronic exposure to ethanol<\/em> (Fig. 2). Given the known anatomical connections between the PPT and the VTA, it seems reasonable that changes in PPT activity might influence drug relapse via this structure. This is clearly suggested by the finding that lesioning of the PPT blocks the expression of ethanol-induced reward, as measured by place preference, only independent withdrawn mice [207]. In addition to its role in mediating the rewarding effects of ethanol, the VTA is also implicated in mediating the prediction of the availability of rewards (via phasic firing of dopaminergic neurons) [208,209] and signals for aversive stimuli [210]. Collectively, this evidence suggests that the PPT may act via the VTA to influence alcohol consumption and seeking behaviors. <em>Thus, the neuroadaptation at the level of CCC-PPT may be a critical patho-physiological mechanism for the S\u2013W disturbances in AUD.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In the example just cited, the first sentence was the main topic sentence and the last sentence was a refinement of that sentence.<\/p>\n<h2>Repetition<\/h2>\n<p>Repetition can also be used microcontextually, to drive home a crucial point, as does the word \u201calcohol\u201d here:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The development of AUD is characterized by frequent episodes of intoxication, preoccupation with <em>alcohol<\/em>, use of <em>alcohol<\/em> despite adverse consequences, compulsion to seek and consume <em>alcohol<\/em>, loss of control in limiting <em>alcohol<\/em> intake, and emergence of a negative emotional state in the absence of <em>the drug<\/em>. (Knapp, Ciraulo, and Datta)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Here the substitution of \u201cthe drug\u201d in the final position is a variance that only serves to strengthen the focus on \u201calcohol.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>After reading your paper, a reader should never have to struggle to articulate your message, because you will have clearly and repeatedly expressed it.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2297?action=genpdf&amp;id=2297\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As a scientist, you are writing because you have a non-subjective message to convey. That&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2],"tags":[1429],"ppma_author":[1894],"class_list":["post-2297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-language-grammar","category-academic-writing","tag-sentence-formation"],"better_featured_image":null,"acf":{"faq_main_heading":"","faq_heading_one":"","faq_heading_two":"","faq_heading_three":"","faq_heading_four":"","faq_heading_five":"","faq_heading_six":"","faq_description_one":"","faq_description_two":"","faq_description_three":"","faq_description_four":"","faq_description_five":"","faq_description_six":""},"views":483,"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1894,"user_id":6,"is_guest":0,"slug":"daveishan","display_name":"Enago Academy","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-favicon-192x192-1.png","url2x":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cropped-favicon-192x192-1.png"},"author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":"Enago Academy, the knowledge arm of Enago, offers comprehensive and up-to-date resources on academic research and scholarly publishing to all levels of scholarly professionals: students, researchers, editors, publishers, and academic societies. It is also a popular platform for networking, allowing researchers to learn, share, and discuss their experiences within their network and community. The team, which comprises subject matter experts, academicians, trainers, and technical project managers, are passionate about helping researchers at all levels establish a successful career, both within and outside academia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2297"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2297\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2297"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}