{"id":2067,"date":"2016-07-01T10:44:17","date_gmt":"2016-07-01T05:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=2067"},"modified":"2019-07-19T19:48:42","modified_gmt":"2019-07-19T13:48:42","slug":"how-to-avoid-ethical-issues-in-your-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/how-to-avoid-ethical-issues-in-your-research\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Avoid Ethical Issues in Your Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Too many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/author-accused-of-misconduct-for-stem-cell-papers\/\">scientific reputations<\/a> have been damaged by charges of unethical behavior. Although we all think of ourselves as applying the highest standards of ethics, avoiding ethical issues is not as easy as you might think. Here are some of the problems encountered by researchers and how to overcome them.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Ethical Behavior?<\/h2>\n<p>Defining ethical behavior is surprisingly difficult. Some things are obvious: don\u2019t fake research, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/publication-ethics-giving-credit-credit-due\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">don\u2019t take credit for another\u2019s work<\/a>, disclose conflicts of interest. But the devil is in the details. For example, when publishing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/submission-preparation.htm\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"18\" title=\"Research paper\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">research paper<\/a>, what exactly constitutes a financial conflict of interest that must be reported? Owning a majority share of a company that benefits from your research? Certainly. Owning 5% of the company. Maybe. Owning a mutual fund that contains shares of the company? Probably not. Matters can get sticky. Read the guidelines of each journal for its specific policy, and report anything that might apply.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-krnbd2hdx2gat81dd6i8-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.opmnstr.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"krnbd2hdx2gat81dd6i8\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<h2>Checklists<\/h2>\n<p>Disclosure policies have become so complicated that it\u2019s best to go over a checklist of a publication\u2019s guidelines during the writing process, and refer to it periodically to make sure you are covering all bases. It\u2019s not fun to have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/research-paper-is-accepted\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper published<\/a> and suddenly realize, Wait, I didn\u2019t disclose XYZ!<\/p>\n<h2>Avoid the Slippery Slope<\/h2>\n<p>There are many grey areas in ethical issues. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/research-misconduct-bengu-sezen-case\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fabricating data<\/a> is a black and white issue. But what about applying a two-sigma statistical screen to exclude outlying data points? Not a problem if you disclose the practice, and if the screen doesn\u2019t change your conclusions. Throwing out a piece of data that you know to be spurious because of a change in conditions? Usually justifiable. How about throwing out a troublesome data point that you suspect is spurious, because, basically, it just doesn\u2019t fit. Here we have entered the arena of cherry picking data points to produce the results you want.<\/p>\n<p>And so it goes. There is a slippery slope in every category of unethical behavior that leads gradually to such no no\u2019s as self-citation, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/guest-authors-in-research-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guest authorship<\/a>, and plagiarism. The best remedy to avoid sliding down the slippery slope is to stay on the <a title=\"The Effect of Scientific Misconduct on a Researcher\u2019s Career\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/facing-research-integrity-crisis\/\">high ground of ethical behavior<\/a> and take pride in doing so.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display:flex; gap:10px;justify-content:\" class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend\">\n\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2067?action=genpdf&amp;id=2067\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button\" ><img data-src=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"width:auto; height:45px;\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Too many scientific reputations have been damaged by charges of unethical behavior. Although we all&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[751,754],"tags":[1493],"ppma_author":[1895],"class_list":["post-2067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication-stages","category-publication-ethics","tag-importance-of-research-ethics"],"better_featured_image":{"id":3132,"alt_text":"Ethical Issues","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":930,"height":300,"hwstring_small":"height='41' 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The team, which comprises subject matter experts, academicians, trainers, and technical project managers, are passionate about helping researchers at all levels establish a successful career, both within and outside academia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2067"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2067\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2067"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}