{"id":10250,"date":"2018-03-29T20:00:14","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T14:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/?p=10250"},"modified":"2021-11-16T20:22:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T14:22:00","slug":"article-retractions-affect-researchers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/article-retractions-affect-researchers\/","title":{"rendered":"How Do Article Retractions Affect Researchers?"},"content":{"rendered":"

We witness misconduct in every field of study and in\u00a0all walks of life.\u00a0Although the excuses may vary, humans tend to misbehave and sometimes even justify their misbehavior.\u00a0Enago Academy has published several articles on scientific misconduct and its dire consequences (retraction, loss of credibility, job loss, etc.). Here, we build on those articles and discuss the consequences of misconduct in academic publishing. We also provide suggestions on what should be done when you observe misconduct\u00a0at your workplace.<\/p>\n

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Scientific Misconduct<\/h2>\n

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Research Integrity (ORI), research misconduct is defined as follows:<\/p>\n

\u201cFabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results.\u201d ORI defines each of these as follows:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fabrication<\/u><\/em>: making up and reporting false data.<\/li>\n
  2. Falsification<\/u><\/em>: manipulating research by using different processes; misrepresenting data and results.<\/li>\n
  3. Plagiarism<\/u><\/em>: using others\u2019 research work without citing it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Honest mistakes also occur unknowingly; therefore, they are not considered in the realm of research misconduct. The most severe\u00a0offenses are those that force experts to question the soundness of the scientific method(s) used. These are serious in nature. Authors\u00a0need to\u00a0carefully consider the penalties and stakes involved. All those involved in the research, even the publisher, are ultimately responsible for the integrity of the research paper<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    How Retraction Affects Authors<\/h2>\n

    The retraction of a paper involves a formal withdrawal of an already published article. This is a serious action and the last resort for dealing with misconduct. Before doing this, the journal\u00a0adopts other measures to resolve the identified issues. Such measures include correcting unintentional typing mistakes or errors in analyses. The journal publisher does not subject the author to further disciplinary actions in all such cases.<\/p>\n

    With the advent of technology, it has become easier to identify misconduct. The number of retractions has therefore increased significantly in recent years.\u00a0A retraction is damaging to everyone involved<\/a>. According to an article from 2016<\/a>, fraudulent research damages the reputation of not only the publishing journal, but also that of the author\u2019s institution.\u00a0All\u00a0entities involved\u00a0become responsible in some way for this serious overlook. The publishing industry also suffers and readers begin doubting the credibility of published research. Authors suffer a great deal from retractions because they lose peer recognition.<\/p>\n

    According to a study\u00a0conducted by MIT and published in 2017<\/a>, authors can experience a 10\u201320% decrease in citations after a formal retraction. Article retractions irreversibly damage the authors’ reputation. The scientific community begins doubting the integrity of the concerned research group. Journals avoid entertaining authors whose articles have been retracted on previous occasions.\u00a0Even high-profile researchers find it\u00a0difficult to publish again, after a retraction. Authors with retracted journal articles sometimes also lose their jobs. If the fraud committed is extremely serious, then they face legal repercussions and even imprisonment.<\/p>\n

    Reporting Misconduct<\/h2>\n

    Special organizations have been set up to deal with research misconduct. ORI and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) are two organizations that help the scientific community address unethical issues. They provide policies and guidelines to help identify and prevent research fraud. In addition, they provide advice to publishing industry personnel on managing issues related to academic misconduct.<\/p>\n

    So what should you do if you suspect misconduct? There are several measures that you could adopt.\u00a0PubPeer<\/a> is one avenue through which you can report cases of suspected misconduct. Users\u00a0can discuss scientific research and peer reviewers can review published articles using this platform. PubPeer\u00a0community discussions sometimes lead to article retractions. Retraction Watch\u00a0(a blog launched in 2010) keeps an accurate record of retractions. If you suspect scientific misconduct of any kind, you\u00a0should comment on this website and contact the journal editor regarding the offending paper. If the concerned journal confirms the scientific misconduct, it immediately issues a formal retraction\u00a0notice.<\/p>\n

    For more information on reporting misconduct, please read the following Enago Academy articles:<\/p>\n